Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy

What is laparoscopy?

While radiological (X-ray) and ultrasound investigations are valuable tools for diagnosing conditions in the abdomen and pelvis, they do have their limitations.

In certain situations, a more direct and clearer view of the abdomen and pelvis is necessary.

Laparoscopy provides surgeons or gynecologists with the ability to directly visualize the organs of the abdomen and pelvis.

How is a laparoscopy performed?

Laparoscopy is conducted under general anesthesia.

A small incision, typically measuring between 1 to 2 cm, is made in or just below the belly-button. Through this incision, the laparoscope is gently inserted into the abdomen.

The laparoscope, a sterile surgical instrument equipped with special optics, transmits small amounts of light effectively.

Carbon dioxide gas is then pumped through a channel in the laparoscope into the abdomen, creating a space for the surgeon to observe or perform procedures. Additional instruments may be introduced through even smaller incisions above or to the side of the pubic hair.

What can a laparoscopy be used for?

Laparoscopy is frequently utilized in investigating abdominal or pelvic pain.

It can aid in the diagnosis of conditions like endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Aside from its diagnostic role, laparoscopy can also be employed to excise ovarian cysts and release adhesions caused by pelvic organ or ovarian diseases.

Many sterilizations, as well as the surgical management of ectopic pregnancies, are conducted via laparoscopy.

The popularity of laparoscopic surgery is increasing among patients due to smaller scars and shorter hospital stays. However, it requires specialized training and equipment, which may not be available in all hospitals.

How does the patient feel after a laparoscopy?

Patients typically experience pain around the incisions and may feel general discomfort in the abdomen.

Many report shoulder-tip pain, a result of residual carbon dioxide in the abdomen. Pain relief is provided, and most patients are discharged on the same day as the procedure.

What are the risks associated with laparoscopy?

No medical procedure is entirely risk-free.

The risks include accidental damage to the bowel or blood vessels, occurring in about one to two cases per thousand, requiring immediate corrective surgery.

Minor complications such as bleeding or bruising around the incisions are common but usually resolve without issue.

Serious risks, although rare, include damage to vital organs or blood vessels, failure to complete the intended procedure, hernia formation, and very rarely, death.

Before undergoing laparoscopic surgery, patients are thoroughly informed of these risks and provide informed consent.