Short-sightedness

Short-sightedness

Myopia, commonly known as short-sightedness, is a condition where distant objects appear blurry due to the inability to focus on them. This can occur when the cornea is excessively curved or when the eyeball is elongated, causing light rays from distant objects to converge in front of the retina, resulting in blurred vision.

Close-up objects remain clear because light rays enter the eye at a slight angle, focusing properly on the retina. Myopia typically manifests in children or young teenagers and often runs in families.

Symptoms

Myopia causes distant objects to appear blurred while close objects remain in focus. Young children may not recognize their blurred vision, but signs such as frequent squinting, frowning, or difficulty seeing TV may indicate myopia.

Causes

Several factors contribute to myopia, including genetic predisposition, premature birth, and low birth weight. Ethnic background also plays a role, with higher prevalence among people of Asian descent compared to those of European origin. Additionally, excessive near work activities such as reading or computer use during childhood and young adulthood may increase the risk of myopia.

Diagnosis

If experiencing difficulty with distant vision, it's advisable to visit an optometrist for an eye examination. Diagnosis typically involves reading a standard chart (Snellen chart) from a distance of six meters. Regular eye tests are essential for early detection of vision problems and potential underlying health issues.

Treatment

Correction of myopia is primarily achieved through glasses or contact lenses. Glasses may be prescribed for children, while contact lenses offer an alternative for adults. Surgical options such as laser refractive surgery or intraocular lens insertion may be considered for severe cases or when glasses or contacts are impractical. However, these procedures carry potential risks and should be carefully evaluated with a trained professional.